OBSERVING WATER-SURFACE TEMPERATURES AT SEA1

Emissivity Measurements of Foam-Covered Water Surface at L-Band for Low Water Temperatures

For a foam-covered sea surface, it is difficult to retrieve sea surface salinity (SSS) with L-band brightness temperature (1.4 GHz) because of the effect of a foam layer with wind speeds stronger than 7 m/s, especially at low sea surface temperature (SST). With foam-controlled experiments, emissivities of a foam-covered water surface at low SST (−1.4 °C to 1.7 °C) are measured for varying SSS, ...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering at elevated temperatures.

The effect on surface-enhanced Raman scattering due to the increase in temperature of the metallic substrate is studied via a simple model for physisorbed molecules. Surface roughness is represented by a spherical or spheroidal island, and the temperature effects on the surface plasmon are accounted for via a slightly modified Ujihara model. It is found that the enhancement ratio in general dec...

Water formation at low temperatures by surface O2 hydrogenation III: Monte Carlo simulation.

Water is the most abundant molecule found in interstellar icy mantles. In space it is thought to be efficiently formed on the surfaces of dust grains through successive hydrogenation of O, O2 and O3. The underlying physico-chemical mechanisms have been studied experimentally in the past decade and in this paper we extend this work theoretically, using Continuous-Time Random-Walk Monte Carlo sim...

The Prediction of Surface Tension of Ternary Mixtures at Different Temperatures Using Artificial Neural Networks

In this work, artificial neural network (ANN) has been employed to propose a practical model for predicting the surface tension of multi-component mixtures. In order to develop a reliable model based on the ANN, a comprehensive experimental data set including 15 ternary liquid mixtures at different temperatures was employed. These systems consist of 777 data points generally containing hydrocar...

prediction of surface tension of solvent mixtures at various temperatures